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1.
J Insect Sci ; 24(1)2024 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38340048

ABSTRACT

Geometric morphometrics was used to determine whether geographic isolation could explain differences in wing size and shape between and within continental (27°S to 41°S) and insular (Rapa Nui) populations of Culex pipiens s.s. Linnaeus and their biotypes (f. pipiens and f. molestus). Molecular protocols based on polymorphisms in the second intron of nuclear locus ace-2 (acetylcholinesterase-2) were used to differentiate Cx. pipiens s.s. from Cx. quinquefasciatus Say, and an assay based on polymorphisms in the flanking region of a microsatellite locus (CQ11) was used to identify biotypes. Culex pipiens f. molestus and hybrids shared larval habitats in all continental sites, while Cx. pipiens f. pipiens was found in 5 of the 10 sites. Only biotype molestus was found in Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Pipiens and molestus biotypes occur sympatrically in aboveground locations, and only molestus was found in the underground site (ME). Biotype molestus was dominant in rural locations and preferably anthropophilic. These results agree with the ecological descriptions previously reported for the biotypes of Cx. pipiens s.s. Procrustes ANOVA only showed differences in centroid size between biotypes in females and males and did not show significant differences in wing shape. However, we found significant differences among the geographic areas in the centroid size and wing shape of both females and males. Particularly, the population of Rapa Nui Island had shorter wings than the continental populations. The results highlight the effects of geographic and environmental processes on morphotypes in vector mosquitoes.


Subject(s)
Culex , Culicidae , Male , Female , Animals , Acetylcholinesterase , Mosquito Vectors , Culex/genetics
2.
Public Health ; 226: 53-57, 2024 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38006742

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Lack of sufficient physical activity (PA) has been associated with an increased risk of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate the number of preventable incidence cases of NCDs attributable to insufficient PA in the Chilean population. STUDY DESIGN: Comparative risk assessment modelling study. METHODS: This study examined data from 5834 participants aged ≥20 years from the Chilean National Survey (2016-2017). PA was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) were assigned according to PA intensity. Estimated incidence cases of NCDs in Chile in 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study. Relative risks for breast cancer, colon cancer, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and stroke were obtained from a published meta-analysis and applied to the prevalence of insufficient PA estimates through the potential impact fraction equation. RESULTS: High levels of PA (≥8000 MET-min/week) could potentially avoid more than 22,000 (64.6 %) incidence NCD cases, ranging from 498 (10.1 %) preventable cases of breast cancer to 5629 (14.7 %) cases of diabetes. Other modelled scenarios also showed to reduce the incidence cases of all five NCDs but to a lesser extent; where at least PA recommendation was achieved, preventable NCDs were reduced by 6522 cases (18.7 %), and where a 10 % relative reduction in insufficient PA level in the population was achieved, preventable NCDs were reduced by 651 (1.8 %) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The study results provide estimates for the incidence cases of preventable NCDs attributable to insufficient PA, highlighting the important role of PA in NCD prevention in Chile.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Diabetes Mellitus , Noncommunicable Diseases , Humans , Female , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control , Chile/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Incidence , Exercise , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control
3.
Public Health ; 227: 54-62, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38118243

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Addressing migrant population's sexual health needs is essential, given the high vulnerability of this population, especially during migratory trajectories and when accessing health care in destination countries. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and describe the structural and intermediary determinants and their dimensions, which negatively influence sexual healthcare access in migrant population in the world in the last 20 years. STUDY DESIGN: Scoping review. METHODS: The search strategy was carried out in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CINAHL. The inclusion criteria were primary studies published in English or Spanish from 2000 to 2022, describing determinants or barriers to access to sexual health for international migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. The construction of the results was based on the social determinants of health framework. RESULTS: A total of 44 studies were included. Thirteen categories that negatively affect access to sexual health in migrants were identified-structural determinants: language and communication barriers, religious and cultural values, VIH stigma and discrimination, irregular migration status, financial constraints, racism and discrimination, gender inequalities, and lack of knowledge and awareness about sexuality and sexual health; and intermediary determinants: financial health coverage, privacy and confidentiality, health system navigation; health system and facilities, and psychosocial factors. CONCLUSION: The most relevant dimensions identified as barriers to access to health services were "culture and societal values" and "health system". Identifying the determinants that affect migrants' access to sexual health is relevant for the formulation of public policies with sociocultural relevance and an intersectional and human rights approach.


Subject(s)
Refugees , Transients and Migrants , Humans , Health Services Accessibility , Health Services , Sexual Behavior
5.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 75(6)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535659

ABSTRACT

Las quemaduras son un problema de interés en salud pública ya que generan un alto índice de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial, las quemaduras térmicas son las más prevalentes y pueden alterar la integridad anatómica, funcional y estética de la piel, aspectos fundamentales para la autoestima del paciente y su capacidad para reintegrarse a la sociedad. Al revisar la literatura sobre el tratamiento de estas afecciones encontramos diversos tratamientos, entre ellos el uso de membrana amniótica humana, la cual ha tenido un impacto importante en el manejo de quemaduras al funcionar como andamio biológico con cualidades regenerativas y antiinflamatorias. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo sintetizar la información actual que describe las aplicaciones de membranas amnióticas humanas en quemaduras, realizamos una revisión exploratoria sistemática de la literatura desde 2010 hasta 2021.


Burns are a problem of interest in public health since they generate a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide, thermal burns are the most prevalent and can alter the anatomical, functional and aesthetic integrity of the skin, fundamental aspects for the patient's self-esteem and their ability to reintegrate into society. At review literature about the treatment of these conditions, we find various treatments, including the use of human amniotic membrane, which has had a significant impact on burn management by functioning as a biological scaffold with regenerative and anti-inflammatory qualities. The present article aims to synthesize the current information that describes the applications of human amniotic membranes in burns. We carry out a systematic exploratory review of the literature from 2010 to 2021.

7.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 16141, 2023 Sep 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37752198

ABSTRACT

The key issues in any fire emergency are recognising fire hotspots, locating the emergency intervention team (EI), following the evolution of the fire, and selecting the evacuation path. This leads to the study and development of HelpResponder, a solution capable of detecting the focus of interest in hostile spaces derived from fire due to high temperatures without visibility. A study is conducted to determine which model best predicts measured [Formula: see text] levels. The variables used are temperature, humidity, and air quality, obtained from sensors installed in a fire tower. The statistical methods applied, namely ARIMAX, KNN, SVM, and TBATS, allow the adjustment and modelling of the variables. Explanatory variables with temporal structure are incorporated into SVM, a new improvement proposal. Moreover, combining different models showed the best efficiency in forecasting. In fact, another contribution of our work lies in offering a small-scale prediction system that is specifically designed to save batteries. The system has been tested and validated in a hostile environment (building), simulating real emergency situations. The system has been tested and validated in several hostile environments, simulating real emergency situations. It can help firefighters respond faster in an emergency. This reduces the risks associated with the lack of information and improves the time for tactical operations, which could save lives.

8.
Water Sci Technol ; 88(6): 1547-1563, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37768754

ABSTRACT

This study reports on a novel composite of bimetallic FeO/ZnO nanoparticles supported by spent coffee grounds (SCGs). The leaves of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill) and trumpet (Cuphea aequipetala Cav), with their high antioxidant content, serve as bio-reductant agents for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. It was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Stable nanoparticles were produced with different diameters of 5-30 nm, and they were applied as catalysts in Fenton-like processes. Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) was used to determine the optimal removal efficiency with three factors and was used in the degradation of textile dyes from wastewater. The nanocomposite displayed a high decolorization ratio (88%) of indigo carmine in the presence of H2O2 combined. This resulted in a reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 56% at 120 min of contact time at an initial pH of 3.0 and a 0.5 g/L of catalyst dose, a H2O2 concentration of 8.8 mM/L, an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L, and a temperature of 25 °C.


Subject(s)
Nanocomposites , Zinc Oxide , Zinc , Iron , Coffee , Hydrogen Peroxide , Textiles
10.
J Intellect Disabil Res ; 67(11): 1124-1135, 2023 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37574777

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of overweight/obesity has been increasing globally and in people with Intellectual Disabilities (IDs), this problem is exacerbated even more, which added to a low physical condition that contributes to the deterioration of functionality and increases the risk of developing chronic diseases in the course of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish cut-off points for levels of isometric handgrip and low limb explosive strength in children, adolescents and adults, which identify overweight/obesity in people with IDs and their respective associations. METHODS: The sample was made up of 131 individuals with IDs, belonging to four special and community educational centres in the city of Santiago, Chile. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were used as indicators of overweight/obesity. Handgrip strength was used as a measure of isometric strength, and countermovement jump was used as a measure of low limb explosive strength. For the comparison of variables by age group, the analysis of Ancova, Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests were used. The total area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of isometric handgrip and low limb explosive strength was identified as an indicator of overweight/obesity according to age groups. A logistic regression model was used to quantify the effect that strength categories below the cut-off point have on the risk of overweight and obesity. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the age groups for body weight, height, BMI and WHR, as well as in the levels of absolute handgrip strength and vertical jump with countermovement (P ≤ 0.05). Children showed the lowest cut-off points for absolute and relative strength. The adolescent group showed the highest cut-off points for relative strength and countermovement jump and adults showed the highest value for absolute strength as indicators of overweight/obesity. Different associations between cut-off points with BMI and WHR were found. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents showed the highest cut-off point for relative strength and countermovement jump, and adults showed the highest value for absolute strength, according to overweight/obesity indicators (BMI and WHR). It is suggested to adjust resistance training programmes according to age categories for the prevention of overweight/obesity in people with IDs.

11.
Biology (Basel) ; 12(6)2023 May 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37372051

ABSTRACT

Bergmann's rule relates the trend of increasing body size with higher latitudes, where colder climates are found. In the Mexican Pacific, three marine ecoregions are distinguishable across a latitudinal gradient. Stenoplax limaciformis is an abundant chiton species that is distributed on rocky shores in these ecoregions. Geometric morphometric analyses were performed to describe the shape and size variation of S. limaciformis between marine ecoregions that vary in sea surface temperature with latitude, thus testing Bergmann's rule. Individuals' body shape ranged from elongated to wide bodies. Although there was variation in chitons' body shape and size, the was no evidence of allometry among localities. The Gulf of California is the northernmost ecoregion evaluated in this work, where larger chitons were observed and lower sea surface temperature values were registered. The results suggest that S. limaciformis follows a trend to Bergmann's rule, such as endotherms. These mollusks do not need heat dissipation, but they do need to retain moisture. In addition, larger chitons were observed in zones with high primary productivity, suggesting that chitons do not delay their maturation due to food shortage.

12.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 76(9): 295-308, May 1, 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-219771

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La migraña es una patología neurológica prevalente caracterizada por ataques de cefalea incapacitantes. En las últimas décadas se han desarrollado nuevos fármacos específicos para el tratamiento agudo y preventivo de la migraña basados en su fisiopatología. Entre éstos se encuentran los antagonistas del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (CGRP) (gepantes) y los agonistas selectivos del receptor serotoninérgico 5-HT1F (ditanes). El CGRP es un neuropéptido liberado por los terminales trigeminales que actúa como vasodilatador, provoca inflamación neurógena y, con ello, generación del dolor y sensibilización en la migraña. Posee, además, una potente acción vasodilatadora y participa en la regulación cardiovascular, razón por la cual se están llevando a cabo numerosos estudios que evalúan la seguridad vascular de actuar contra el CGRP. La alta selectividad de los ditanes para el receptor serotoninérgico 5-HT1F con una baja afinidad para otros receptores serotoninérgicos parece traducirse en un bajo o nulo efecto vasoconstrictor, que es mediado por la activación de los receptores 5-HT1B. Desarrollo: Nuestro objetivo es revisar la seguridad cardiovascular demostrada por estos nuevos fármacos para el tratamiento de la migraña analizando la evidencia publicada. Realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed y una revisión de los ensayos clínicos publicados en clinicaltrial.gov. Incluimos revisiones bibliográficas, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos en español e inglés. Analizamos los efectos adversos cardiovasculares informados. Conclusiones: Basándonos en los resultados hasta ahora publicados, podemos concluir que el perfil de seguridad cardiovascular de estos nuevos tratamientos es favorable. Para confirmar estos resultados son necesarios estudios de seguridad a más largo plazo.(AU)


Introduction: Migraine is a prevalent neurological condition characterised by disabling headache attacks. In recent decades, new drugs have been developed specifically for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine based on its pathophysiology. These include calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists (CGRP) (gepants) and selective serotoninergic 5-HT1F receptor agonists (ditans). CGRP is a neuropeptide released by trigeminal terminals that acts as a vasodilator, causes neurogenic inflammation and thus generates pain and sensitisation in migraine. It also has a powerful vasodilatory action and is involved in cardiovascular regulation, which is why numerous studies are under way to assess the vascular safety of acting against CGRP. The high selectivity of ditans for the serotoninergic 5-HT1F receptor with a low affinity for other serotoninergic receptors seems to translate into little or no vasoconstrictor effect, which is mediated by the activation of 5-HT1B receptors. Development: The aim of our study is to review the cardiovascular safety demonstrated by these new drugs for the treatment of migraine by analysing the evidence published to date. We conducted a literature search in the PubMed database and a review of clinical trials published at clinicaltrial.gov. We included literature reviews, meta-analyses and clinical trials in English and Spanish. We analysed reported cardiovascular adverse effects. Conclusions: Based on the results published to date, we can conclude that the cardiovascular safety profile of these new treatments is favourable. Longer-term safety studies are needed to confirm these results.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Headache , Neurology
13.
Rev Neurol ; 76(9): 295-308, 2023 05 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37102254

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Migraine is a prevalent neurological condition characterised by disabling headache attacks. In recent decades, new drugs have been developed specifically for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine based on its pathophysiology. These include calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists (CGRP) (gepants) and selective serotoninergic 5-HT1F receptor agonists (ditans). CGRP is a neuropeptide released by trigeminal terminals that acts as a vasodilator, causes neurogenic inflammation and thus generates pain and sensitisation in migraine. It also has a powerful vasodilatory action and is involved in cardiovascular regulation, which is why numerous studies are under way to assess the vascular safety of acting against CGRP. The high selectivity of ditans for the serotoninergic 5-HT1F receptor with a low affinity for other serotoninergic receptors seems to translate into little or no vasoconstrictor effect, which is mediated by the activation of 5-HT1B receptors. DEVELOPMENT: The aim of our study is to review the cardiovascular safety demonstrated by these new drugs for the treatment of migraine by analysing the evidence published to date. We conducted a literature search in the PubMed database and a review of clinical trials published at clinicaltrial.gov. We included literature reviews, meta-analyses and clinical trials in English and Spanish. We analysed reported cardiovascular adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results published to date, we can conclude that the cardiovascular safety profile of these new treatments is favourable. Longer-term safety studies are needed to confirm these results.


TITLE: Seguridad cardiovascular de los nuevos fármacos para el tratamiento agudo y preventivo de la migraña: gepantes y ditanes.Introducción. La migraña es una patología neurológica prevalente caracterizada por ataques de cefalea incapacitantes. En las últimas décadas se han desarrollado nuevos fármacos específicos para el tratamiento agudo y preventivo de la migraña basados en su fisiopatología. Entre éstos se encuentran los antagonistas del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (CGRP) (gepantes) y los agonistas selectivos del receptor serotoninérgico 5-HT1F (ditanes). El CGRP es un neuropéptido liberado por los terminales trigeminales que actúa como vasodilatador, provoca inflamación neurógena y, con ello, generación del dolor y sensibilización en la migraña. Posee, además, una potente acción vasodilatadora y participa en la regulación cardiovascular, razón por la cual se están llevando a cabo numerosos estudios que evalúan la seguridad vascular de actuar contra el CGRP. La alta selectividad de los ditanes para el receptor serotoninérgico 5-HT1F con una baja afinidad para otros receptores serotoninérgicos parece traducirse en un bajo o nulo efecto vasoconstrictor, que es mediado por la activación de los receptores 5-HT1B. Desarrollo. Nuestro objetivo es revisar la seguridad cardiovascular demostrada por estos nuevos fármacos para el tratamiento de la migraña analizando la evidencia publicada. Realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed y una revisión de los ensayos clínicos publicados en clinicaltrial.gov. Incluimos revisiones bibliográficas, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos en español e inglés. Analizamos los efectos adversos cardiovasculares informados. Conclusiones. Basándonos en los resultados hasta ahora publicados, podemos concluir que el perfil de seguridad cardiovascular de estos nuevos tratamientos es favorable. Para confirmar estos resultados son necesarios estudios de seguridad a más largo plazo.


Subject(s)
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists , Migraine Disorders , Humans , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists/adverse effects , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide , Heart , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control , Pain
14.
Front Sports Act Living ; 5: 1123340, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36926620

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Does philosopher's stone exist in physical education? It could be said that teaching games for understanding approach (TGfU) keeps turning everything it touches into gold: its presence in the educational centers, its volume of publications, the way of teaching games and sports, its connections with other approaches, its game categories, learning transferable principles of play. But… no, all that glitters is not gold. There are TGfU issues that should be improved. For example, these categories are disconnected from each other because TGfU lacks classification criteria. The "goal of game" is a concept that has been studied, but it has not been applied to physical education. The aim of the article is to show how to deepen the understanding sports and traditional games from the "goal of game", and to propose its applicability to physical education. Methods: The traits of "goal of game" will be identified by investigating two close concepts, "prelusory goal" (formalist philosophy of sport) and "motor-goal" (motor praxeology). Results: The traits of "goal of game" concept: main-motor-problem, described in the game rules and that the players will try to solve during the game dynamics. The "goal of game" chances: (1) It allows us to understand sports and traditional games based on their internal logic (2) It allows us to classify traditional games and sports based on classification criteria and that can be useful to organize the physical education program; (3) It allows us to deepen the understanding of sporting games and their applicability to physical education: on the one hand, proposing progressively more specific goal of game options and, on the other hand, proposing a network model of intentions of play to understand the game dynamics and to design learning tasks. Conclusions: The conclusions collect some properties of the "goal of game" concept in order to propose its applicability in physical education students learning: identify and compare the main-motor-problems of the games; solve these problems during the game dynamics; transfer the procedures used to solve other games. The goal(d) of game amazes us; maybe physical education teachers are curious to continue discovering this wonderful treasure.

16.
J Prev Alzheimers Dis ; 10(1): 25-33, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36641607

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previously we reported the clinical safety and pharmacological activity of buntanetap (known as Posiphen or ANVS401) in healthy volunteers and mild cognitive impaired (MCI) patients (21). The data supported continued clinical evaluation of buntanetap for treating Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and Parkinson's disease (PD) share several pathological manifestations, including increased levels of multiple neurotoxic protein aggregates. Therefore, a treatment strategy that targets toxic species common to both disorders can potentially provide better clinical outcomes than attacking one neurotoxic protein alone. To test this hypothesis, we recently completed a clinical study in early AD and early PD participants and report the data here. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics, biomarkers, and efficacy of buntanetap in treating early AD and PD patients. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study. SETTING: 13 sites in the US participated in this clinical trial. The registration number is NCT04524351 at ClinicalTrials.gov. PARTICIPANTS: 14 early AD patients and 54 early PD patients. INTERVENTION: AD patients were given either 80mg buntanetap or placebo QD. PD patients were given 5mg, 10mg, 20mg, 40mg, 80mg buntanetap or placebo QD. MEASUREMENTS: Primary endpoint is safety and tolerability; secondary endpoint is pharmacokinetics of buntanetap in plasma; exploratory endpoints are 1) biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in both AD and PD patients 2) psychometric tests specific for AD (ADAS-Cogs and WAIS coding test) or PD (MDS-UPDRS and WAIS coding test). RESULTS: Buntanetap was safe and well tolerated. Biomarker data indicated a trend in lowering levels of neurotoxic proteins and inflammatory factors and improving axonal integrity and synaptic function in both AD and PD cohorts. Psychometric tests showed statistically significant improvements in ADAS-Cog11 and WAIS coding in AD patients and MDS-UPDRS and WAIS coding in PD patients. CONCLUSIONS: Buntanetap is well tolerated and safe at doses up to 80mg QD in both AD and PD patients. Cmax and AUC increase with dose without evidence for a plateau up to 80mg QD. The drug shows promising evidence in exploratory biomarker and efficacy measures. Further evaluation of buntanetap in larger, longer-term clinical trials for the treatment of AD and PD are warranted.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Parkinson Disease , Humans , Alzheimer Disease/complications , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Parkinson Disease/complications , Treatment Outcome , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid
17.
Ann Oncol ; 34(1): 78-90, 2023 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36220461

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The standard treatment of T2-T3ab,N0,M0 rectal cancers is total mesorectal excision (TME) due to the high recurrence rates recorded with local excision. Initial reports of the combination of pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) have shown reductions in local recurrence. The TAU-TEM study aims to demonstrate the non-inferiority of local recurrence and the improvement in morbidity achieved with CRT-TEM compared with TME. Here we describe morbidity rates and pathological outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial including patients with rectal adenocarcinoma staged as T2-T3ab,N0,M0. Patients were randomised to the CRT-TEM or the TME group. Patients included, tolerance of CRT and its adverse effects, surgical complications (Clavien-Dindo and Comprehensive Complication Index classifications) and pathological results (complete response in the CRT-TEM group) were recorded in both groups. Patients attended follow-up controls for local and systemic relapse. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01308190. RESULTS: From July 2010 to October 2021, 173 patients from 17 Spanish hospitals were included (CRT-TEM: 86, TME: 87). Eleven were excluded after randomisation (CRT-TEM: 5, TME: 6). Modified intention-to-treat analysis thus included 81 patients in each group. There was no mortality after CRT. In the CRT-TEM group, one patient abandoned CRT, 1/81 (1.2%). The CRT-related morbidity rate was 29.6% (24/81). Post-operative morbidity was 17/82 (20.7%) in the CRT-TEM group and 41/81 (50.6%) in the TME group (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 42.9% to 16.7%). One patient died in each group (1.2%). Of the 81 patients in the CRT-TEM group who received the allocated treatment, 67 (82.7%) underwent organ preservation. Pathological complete response in the CRT-TEM group was 44.3% (35/79). In the TME group, pN1 were found in 17/81 (21%). CONCLUSION: CRT-TEM treatment obtains high pathological complete response rates (44.3%) and a high CRT compliance rate (98.8%). Post-operative complications and hospitalisation rates were significantly lower than those in the TME group. We await the results of the follow-up regarding cancer outcomes and quality of life.


Subject(s)
Rectal Neoplasms , Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery , Humans , Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery/methods , Treatment Outcome , Prospective Studies , Quality of Life , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Rectal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Chemoradiotherapy , Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects , Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods , Neoplasm Staging
20.
Animal ; 16(11): 100659, 2022 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36308921

ABSTRACT

Using agricultural by-products such as dehydrated orange pulp (DOP) in animal feeds is of interest to increase pig sector sustainability. With this aim, an assay was carried out to assess the effects of increasing inclusion levels of DOP in pig diets regarding animal performance, carcass quality, and environmental impact. Four experimental diets were designed, a control diet (T1) and three more diets with increasing levels of DOP with 80, 160, and 240 g/kg of DOP for diets T2, T3, and T4, respectively. One hundred and sixty growing pigs were used in the experiment. Growth performance (average daily gain, ADG; average daily feed intake, ADFI and feed conversion ratio, FCR) and in vivo backfat thickness (BF) and loin depth (LD) gain were recorded during the finishing phase (from 70 to 130 kg BW). Faecal samples were incubated for bacteria enumeration. At slaughter, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits were measured, and subcutaneous fat was sampled to analyse the fatty acid (FA) profile. Additionally, the slurry excreted by the animals was measured, characterised and subjected to a gaseous emission assay during its storage. The final BW and overall ADFI, ADG and FCR were similar among treatments. In vivo final LD and BF gain decreased (P ≤ 0.10) as the inclusion level of DOP increased. No differences were observed in carcass characteristics with the inclusion of DOP, except carcass weight that decreased linearly (P = 0.05) with DOP. Regarding the FA profile of the subcutaneous fat, the ratio of total monounsaturated to saturated FA increased with the inclusion level of DOP. Neither slurry excretion and characterisation nor bacterial counts from faeces showed any significant difference among treatments. The inclusion of DOP led to greater CH4 emissions in mg per L of slurry and hour, whereas these differences disappeared when expressed in mg per animal and day. In all, it has been demonstrated that the inclusion of DOP up to 240 mg/kg in pig diets had minor effects on growth performance, carcass quality traits or gaseous emissions from slurry, favouring the circular economy strategy and pig sector sustainability.


Subject(s)
Citrus sinensis , Hordeum , Swine , Animals , Gases , Body Composition , Diet/veterinary , Fatty Acids/analysis
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